AI Feature Identification: Platinum Islands & Volcanoes
Tritium Extraction
Tritium extraction can usually be achieved with ~60% efficiency before measuring the activity using a 2009 Quantulus GCT 6220 Scintillator (PDF), which has a detection limit of about one femtomole.
Absorbed Atmospheric 4He in Various Technical Materials
It is essential to measure the amount of helium gas that is stored within various technical solids that are used in the construction of LENR devices, if helium is to be used as a quantitative indicator of nuclear activity. The temperatures at which these materials outgas He, and/or become porous to the 5.2 ppm level of 4He within the atmosphere, must be understood as well. This knowledge of materials is also essential in order to know what fraction of helium is recovered from the bulk material that has produced the helium isotope(s), so that the actual production rate may be determined from subsequent measurements.
A shortened data table is included below. See the detailed technical report on helium outgassing from materials (PDF).
| Sample | Weight / Size | Maximum Baking Temperature (°C) | 4He Outgassing (picomoles) | 4He Outgassing (picomoles / gram) | Outgassing Temperature (°C) and Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blank Palladium plate | --- | 600 | 2.7 | --- | --- |
| PTFE | 1.25 g | 450 | 281 | 224.8 | --- |
| Large PTFE Tube | 1.009 g | 600 | 50 | 49.55 | above melting temperature of PTFE |
| Small PTFE Tube | 1.006 g | 500 | 87 | 86.48 | above melting temperature of PTFE |
| AWG PTFE Tube | 1.006 g | 500 | 48 | 47.71 | above melting temperature of PTFE |
| MACOR as delivered | 13 g | 600 | 280 | 21.54 | 600 |
| MACOR Prebaked, 2 days in atmosphere | 13 g | 600 | 110 | 8.46 | --- |
| MACOR Soaked in 4He for 8 hours (25 °C) | 13 g | Room Temperature | 5400 | 415.38 | Room Temperature |
| MACOR Soaked in 4He for 8 hours (600 °C) | 13 g | 600 | 3800 | 292.31 | --- |
| CF Cell Diffusion Test | --- | Room Temperature | 500 | --- | Room Temperature |
| 4He-Soaked CF Cell 2 | --- | Room Temperature | 290000 | --- | Room Temperature |
| (4) 3" Teflon Strips, McMaster | 7.061 g | 600 | 7100 | 1005.5 | 380 Temperature at which outgassing first observed from signal increase |
| (4) Nylon Nuts | 0.191 g | 400 | 1.6 | 8.38 | No sign of outgassing |
| Nylon Screws | 0.184 g | 400 | 3.6 | 19.57 | No sign of outgassing |
| PTFE TWTT-22C | 0.66 g | 550 | 9.9 | 15 | 360 Temperature at which outgassing first observed from signal increase |
| PTFE Plate Washer | 3.857 g | 550 | 19 | 4.93 | 360 Temperature at which outgassing first observed from signal increase |
| Nylon Nuts | 0.807 g | 400 | 0.8 | 0.99 | No sign of outgassing |
| Nylon Screws | 0.921 g | 400 | 0.44 | 0.48 | No sign of outgassing |
| Pd #2 wire 0.009" Diameter 12" | 0.15 g | 21.3 | 142 | evaporation | |
| Pd #1 wire 0.009" Diameter 12" | 0.15 g | 3.83 | 25.5 | evaporation | |
| SS304 Capillary | 0.32 g | 19.4 | 60.6 | evaporation |
- PTFE melting temperature: 327 °C
- Nylon melting temperature: 220 °C; decomposition temperature: 307 °C
Deuterium and Protium Purification System
We have developed a method that eliminates the 4He isotopes from the as-delivered stock supply of protium or deuterium gas. Our FT-ICR MS techniques are used to determine the low ambient level of 4He in this supply gas. In all cases encountered to date, the ambient 4He concentrations in hydrogen supply gases have been lowered to undetectable levels (< 0.001 ppm). We also purge the environments that surround our cells and instruments to < 0.005 ppm of 4He, to prevent any accidental misinterpretation of ambient 4He for produced 4He in our experiments. We also check for any air invasion isotopes (20Ne or 40Ar) in every aliquot during mass spectrometry.
Focused Ion Beam
Zeiss Crossbeam 540 nanostructure characterization.
DynaCool
Collaborative Projects Using DynaCool
See Mass Spectrometry for the instruments behind our helium measurements, and our capabilities page for the full instrument list. See also our services.